Internal-combustion engine.



I A. L. GALUSHA. L INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. AfrLmATmN EILED APR.13,1907.

914,566.. v Patented Mar. 9, 1909.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

'l IH WITNESSES [NVENTOR A. L. GALUSHA.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR.13, 1907.

9 11 4,566 n Patented Mar. 9, 1909.

a MEETS-SHEET a. .4? .i

k TNESSES A. L. GALUSHA.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Arr'mou'lox FILED APR. 13,

Patented Mar. 9, 1909.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

O OMHUI L e n r I m I. A

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V To all whom 'it may concern ALBERT LEE! eALUsHA, 0F noncnEsrEn,MASSACHUSETTS.

mmnrpconusnox ENG.

Be it known that 1, ALBERT Lnn'r or.

LUSHA, of Dorchester, in the county of Suffolk and State ofMassachusetts, have ing vented certain new and. useful Improveq ments inInternal-Combustion Engines; and

I do hereby declare the following to be a full,

clear, and exact description of the invention,

such as will enable others skilled in the art to V which it appertainsto make and use the same.

My invention relates to improvements in internal combustion engines,-oneobject of the invention being to so construct such an engine, whereincompression is employed,

that the firing of the charge will occur other than at the dead centeror its immediate vicinity.'

A further object is to so construct the engine as to effect completecompression of the charge outside of the combustion cylinder.

A further object is to eiiect com lete and se arate compression of thegas an air out.- si e of the combustion cylinder.

A further object is to provide cylinders wherein the gases can becompressed and which shall be so arranged with reference to thecombustion chamber as to sup ly the latter with an explosive charge ancause no load on the bearings by the transfer of work of compressionfrom the combustion cylinder to pump cylinders.

A further object is to so construct an internal combustion engine thattwo impulses to the Working piston within the combustion or motorcylinder to drive the same in op 0- site directions will be effectedevery revo l tion and a single connecting rod or pitman be employedbetween the working piston and the driven shaft of the engine.

'A further object is to provide an internal combustion enginehaving thetotal volume of the space within which completeconk' pression takesplace, larger than the volume to which the burned gases are finallyexpanded before leaving the combustion cylinder.

A fur'ther object is to provide-an engine wherein complete compressionof the charge takes place outside of the combustion chamber and to soconstruct the engine that it can burn, in the motor cylinder, a chargethat, at atmospheric pressure would more thancompletely fill the motorcylinder.

A further object is to construct an internal combustion engine in suchmanner that a maximum amount of air and gas can be Specification ofLetters Patent. '1 Lpplimfioit m A ril 1a, 1901. ms No. scum.

I made to enter the combustion or motor cyl Z inder at each stroke ofthe piston.

With these objects in view the invention consists in certain novelfeatures of construc- 1 set forth and pointed out in the claims. I

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical section through oneunit of the engine. Fig. 2 is an end elevation. Fig. 3 is a view artlyin section and partly in elevation. igi 4 is a vertical section througha pump cylinder and a receiver, and Fig. 5 is a view partly-in plan andpartly in horizontal section showing the three cylinders comprised inone unit.

In the drawings I have illustrated an internal explosive enginecomprising two units but as both of these units are precisely the samein construction and o oration, a doother.

A unit of the engine comprises three cylin ders 1, 2, and 3,the'cylinder 1 being the motor or combustion cylinder and the oylin d'ers 2and 3 being pump cylinders. A working piston 4 is located within themotor cylinder 1 and is connected by a piston rod 5 with a cross-head 6movable in guides 7, said cross-hcadzbeing connected by means of a itman8 with a crank of a'driven shaft 9. he cross-head 6 is provided withlateral projections 10, 11, wit which are connected, respectively,piston rods 12 and 13, which are secured at their up er ends to pistons14, 15, in the pump cylinders 2 and-3;

At each end of the motor cylinder inlet ducts 16 are provided foradmitting explo' sive charges to said cylinder, the ports of said ductsbeing normally closed by balanced valves 17. The inlet ducts communicateand receive the explosive charge from a compression chamber 18. Themotor cylinder is also provided, at each end, with an exhaust valve 19which controls the escape of burned gases to an exhaust pipe. 20.

spective ends with inlet valves 21 for controlling the admission intosaid cylinder, of gas conveyed from a suitable source of sup ply bymeansof a pipe 22. Valves 23 are located at respective ends of the pumcylinder 2 and control the passage of gas rom said cylinder tocompression cylinder 18.

and the construction and arrangement of tailed description of one wilsuffice for the The pump cylinder 3 is intended for air valve mechanismis precisely the same as latexited much-e, 1909. 7

tion and combinations of parts as hereinafter The pump cyhnder 2 isprovided at its rethat above described with reference to gas I pumpcylinder 2. Fig. 4 of the drawing illustrates the construction andarrangement of the air pump as well as the gas pump, except I that withthe air pump the pipe 22 is 3 omitted.

Any suitable valve gear may be em loyed for controlling the operation ofthe valves 17 and 1.9 of the motor cylinder, but in the drawing I haveshown levers 23 for operating the inlet valve and levers 24 foroperating the exhaustvalve, said levers being connected by rods orpitmen 25, 26, with cams or cranks" on the driven shaft 9.

When the pistons in the several cylinders 1, 2, 3 start downwardly apartial vacuum will be formed in the cylinder 2 (Fig. 4) which willcause the'valve 21, at the upper end of the cylinder, to 0 en and gasfrom pipe 22 to flow into said cy inder. When the istons shall havereached the lower ends of t e cylinders and start to return the springon the valve 21 will cause said valve to close and the gas within thecylinder will be com ressed until the pressure is slightly greater t anthe pressure m the chamber-18. The difference in (pressure causes thevalve 23, at the upper en of the cylinder 2, to open and during theremainder of the stroke the gas will be forced past this valve and intothe chamber or receiver 18. When the piston in cylinder 2 startsdownwardly again, the valve 23 will be closed by the action of itsspring. In a similar manner, air will be compressed by the action of thepiston in the c linder 3 and the valves provided for-this cy inder andthe air thus compressed. will enter a chamber or receiver 18 in the samemanner as above expgained in connection with the compression 0 as.

hen the piston 4, in the motor cylinder 1, is at the top of saidcylinder and starts downwardly, the balanceuvalve,17 will be opened bythe valve gear and a charge of gas and air (preferably mixed just beforeentering the cylinder) is admitted to the cylinder 1. When the piston 4has moved a fraction of its downward stroke the valve 17 will be closed,then the charge will be exploded by the action of a suitable sparker 27,great pressure behind the piston being thus created to drive the engineduring this stroke. When the piston 4 shall have nearly completed itsdownward stroke, the exhaust valve 19, at the upper end of the cylinder1, will be opened by the operation of the valve gear and during thereturn stroke of the piston the burned gases will be exhausted throughthe pipe '20. Near the end of the u stroke of the piston 4 the valve 19will'be c osed and the cycle of o erations just described will berepeated. xactly the same functions will be performed through theoperation of the valves 17 and 19 at the lower end of the cylin er 1.

With an engine constructed as above dey the engine so that the power 0compression is transferred from the motor cylinder to the pump cylinderor cylinders direct, without eavily loading any friction-generatingbearings as would be the case if cylinders were each mounted with aseparate cross-head, connecting rod and crank. v

If desired, city gas can be compressed with one end of one pump and inthe particular construction shown in the drawings, air with .the otherend of that pump and with both ends of the other three pumps, saiddrawing showing an engine comprising two units each having two pumps. Byoperating the engine in this manner the ex losive mixture would consistof one part of gas and about seven parts of air. With producer gas, onepump or gas and one pump for air will give a mixture of about equalparts of gas and air.

Various slight changes might be made in the details of construction ofmy invention without departing from the spirit thereof or limiting itsscope and hence I do not wish to limit myself to the precise detailsherein set forth.

Having fully described my invention what I claim as new and desire tosecure byLetters- Patent, is

1. In an explosive gas engine, the combination with a working cylinderand piston, a cross head with which said iston is con nected, and adriven shaft wlth which said cross head is connected, of pumps forseparately com ressing air and gas outside of the working cy linder,said pumps being equal in size and connected with the cross head atrespective sides of the connection of the working piston with the crosshead, whereby said pum s will balance each other and relievev the oad onthe bearings of the moving ports, means for controlling the admission ofcompressed air and gas into the working cylinder.

2. In an explosive gas engine, the combination with a working cylinder,a working iston therein, and a cross head with which t e rod of saidpiston is connected, of a reservoir, an air pump and a gas pump havingvalved communication with said reservoir, connections between the crosshead of the working piston and the pistons of both pumps, and valvemechanism for controlling the assage'of a compressed air and gas fromsai reservoir to the working cylinder.

3. In an explosive gas engine, the combination with a working cylinder,and a piston therein, of a reservoir having valved communication withboth ends of the workin cylinder, exhaust valves at both ends of saicworking cylinder, double acting pumps communicating with said reservoir,and connections between the working piston and the pistons of bothpumps.

4. An explosive gas engine comprising a combustion cylinder, a pistontherein, a cross-head, a rod connecting said piston and cross-head, agas pum and an air pum each ha its piston r0 connectedwit said crossead,a receiver communicating with said pum s, and a valve for controllingthe passage 0 compressed fluid from said receiver to the combustioncylinder.

5. An explosive gas engine comprising a.

combustion cylinder, a piston therein, a rod connected with said 'iston,a cross-head secured to said rod, a uid receiver, two cylinders tocommunicate at their respective ends with said receiver, valves betweenthe respective ends of said cylinders and the recelver, inlet valves atrespective ends of said cylinders, a piston in each ciylinder, andpiston rods connecting both 0 said pistons with the cross-head, wherebyfluid Wlll enter said cylinders and be forced into the receiver at eachstroke of the piston.

6. In an internal combustion engine, thecombination with a combustion cyder, a piston therein, a piston rod and a cross-head to which saidpiston rod is connected, of a gas pump and an air pump having theirpiston rods connected directl with said cross-head,

a compression cham eror receiver communicating with said 1pumps, meansfor con- ALBERT LEET GALUSHA.

Witnesses:

WILLIAM P. MEEHAN, CHARLES H. DoNaHUE.

